Quantification of distribution overlap between chromosomes and ERs

KDE-based similarity of GC content and replicon size distributions

To complement the visual comparison of chromosomes and ERs shown in Figure 1, we systematically assessed the extent of overlap between their GC content and replicon size kernel density estimation (KDE) distributions across bacterial taxa. For each phylum, class, order, family, and genus represented by at least 100 ERs, we quantified the fraction of overlapping area between the KDE curves of chromosomes and ERs.

KDE curves were computed separately for chromosomes and ERs within each taxon and were normalised to unit area. The overlap between the two curves therefore yields a single, symmetric proportion ranging from 0 to 1:

values close to 1 indicate highly similar distributions
values close to 0 indicate minimal overlap and strong divergence

The plots below summarise how KDE overlap values vary across taxonomic ranks for GC content and replicon size. All exact numerical values underlying these plots are provided in the sortable table below.

KDE overlap table

Sort columns or use the search box to filter taxa.

Rank	Taxon	GC_overlap	Size_overlap
phylum	Actinomycetota	0.787	0.021
phylum	Bacillota	0.655	0.001
phylum	Bacteroidota	0.833	0.114
phylum	Campylobacterota	0.622	0.000
phylum	Cyanobacteriota	0.638	0.017
phylum	Deinococcota	0.706	0.000
phylum	Pseudomonadota	0.721	0.069
phylum	Spirochaetota	0.752	0.052
class	Actinomycetes	0.784	0.021
class	Alphaproteobacteria	0.691	0.184
class	Bacilli	0.627	0.001
class	Bacteroidia	0.746	0.088
class	Betaproteobacteria	0.758	0.333
class	Clostridia	0.599	0.000
class	Cyanophyceae	0.638	0.017
class	Cytophagia	0.896	0.040
class	Deinococci	0.706	0.000
class	Epsilonproteobacteria	0.622	0.000
class	Gammaproteobacteria	0.655	0.027
class	Spirochaetia	0.752	0.052
order	Acetobacterales	0.844	0.000
order	Aeromonadales	0.328	0.000
order	Alteromonadales	0.754	0.000
order	Bacillales	0.589	0.001
order	Bacteroidales	0.735	0.089
order	Burkholderiales	0.699	0.223
order	Campylobacterales	0.620	0.000
order	Cytophagales	0.896	0.040
order	Deinococcales	0.562	0.000
order	Enterobacterales	0.590	0.007
order	Eubacteriales	0.533	0.000
order	Hyphomicrobiales	0.672	0.179
order	Kitasatosporales	0.533	0.000
order	Lactobacillales	0.586	0.000
order	Leptospirales	0.870	0.000
order	Lysobacterales	0.260	0.000
order	Micrococcales	0.592	0.007
order	Moraxellales	0.374	0.000
order	Mycobacteriales	0.703	0.003
order	Neisseriales	0.711	0.000
order	Nostocales	0.861	0.001
order	Peptostreptococcales	0.568	0.000
order	Pseudomonadales	0.358	0.000
order	Rhodobacterales	0.843	0.001
order	Rhodospirillales	0.708	0.068
order	Sphingomonadales	0.631	0.021
order	Spirochaetales	0.719	0.006
order	Thiotrichales	0.494	0.000
order	Vibrionales	0.761	0.015
family	Acetobacteraceae	0.786	0.000
family	Aeromonadaceae	0.301	0.000
family	Azospirillaceae	0.735	0.076
family	Bacillaceae	0.393	0.000
family	Bacteroidaceae	0.517	0.000
family	Borreliaceae	0.315	0.000
family	Brucellaceae	0.624	0.072
family	Burkholderiaceae	0.716	0.311
family	Campylobacteraceae	0.509	0.000
family	Clostridiaceae	0.498	0.000
family	Comamonadaceae	0.602	0.002
family	Deinococcaceae	0.562	0.000
family	Enterobacteriaceae	0.515	0.001
family	Enterococcaceae	0.198	0.000
family	Erwiniaceae	0.801	0.160
family	Hafniaceae	0.231	0.000
family	Helicobacteraceae	0.206	0.000
family	Lactobacillaceae	0.558	0.000
family	Leptospiraceae	0.870	0.000
family	Listeriaceae	0.206	0.000
family	Lysobacteraceae	0.250	0.000
family	Methylobacteriaceae	0.386	0.005
family	Microbacteriaceae	0.454	0.000
family	Micrococcaceae	0.711	0.000
family	Moraxellaceae	0.374	0.000
family	Morganellaceae	0.638	0.001
family	Mycobacteriaceae	0.645	0.000
family	Neisseriaceae	0.651	0.000
family	Nitrobacteraceae	0.136	0.000
family	Nocardiaceae	0.499	0.000
family	Nostocaceae	0.810	0.000
family	Paenibacillaceae	0.552	0.000
family	Paracoccaceae	0.825	0.008
family	Peptostreptococcaceae	0.210	0.000
family	Phyllobacteriaceae	0.400	0.000
family	Piscirickettsiaceae	0.632	0.000
family	Pseudomonadaceae	0.349	0.000
family	Rhizobiaceae	0.739	0.088
family	Roseobacteraceae	0.789	0.000
family	Sphingomonadaceae	0.483	0.014
family	Staphylococcaceae	0.145	0.000
family	Streptococcaceae	0.305	0.000
family	Streptomycetaceae	0.533	0.000
family	Vibrionaceae	0.761	0.015
family	Yersiniaceae	0.581	0.000
genus	Acetobacter	0.768	0.000
genus	Acinetobacter	0.318	0.000
genus	Aeromonas	0.261	0.000
genus	Arsenophonus	0.737	0.028
genus	Azospirillum	0.703	0.002
genus	Bacillus	0.335	0.000
genus	Bacteroides	0.547	0.000
genus	Borrelia	0.515	0.000
genus	Borreliella	0.109	0.000
genus	Bradyrhizobium	0.081	0.000
genus	Brucella/Ochrobactrum	0.640	0.073
genus	Burkholderia	0.477	0.199
genus	Campylobacter	0.509	0.000
genus	Citrobacter	0.300	0.000
genus	Clostridioides	0.135	0.000
genus	Clostridium	0.500	0.000
genus	Deinococcus	0.562	0.000
genus	Edwardsiella	0.050	0.000
genus	Enterobacter	0.111	0.000
genus	Enterococcus	0.152	0.000
genus	Erwinia	0.615	0.001
genus	Escherichia	0.138	0.000
genus	Helicobacter	0.195	0.000
genus	Klebsiella/Raoultella	0.078	0.000
genus	Lacticaseibacillus	0.047	0.000
genus	Lactiplantibacillus	0.014	0.000
genus	Lactobacillus	0.805	0.000
genus	Lactococcus	0.474	0.000
genus	Leptospira	0.871	0.000
genus	Leuconostoc	0.484	0.000
genus	Levilactobacillus	0.066	0.000
genus	Listeria	0.189	0.000
genus	Moraxella	0.187	0.000
genus	Mycobacterium	0.571	0.000
genus	Neisseria	0.495	0.000
genus	Nostoc	0.676	0.000
genus	Pantoea	0.512	0.002
genus	Paraburkholderia	0.527	0.259
genus	Paracoccus	0.610	0.022
genus	Pediococcus	0.632	0.000
genus	Phaeobacter	0.171	0.000
genus	Photobacterium	0.606	0.001
genus	Piscirickettsia	0.038	0.000
genus	Priestia	0.038	0.000
genus	Proteus	0.125	0.000
genus	Providencia	0.283	0.001
genus	Pseudomonas	0.337	0.000
genus	Pseudosulfitobacter	0.140	0.000
genus	Ralstonia	0.628	0.002
genus	Rhizobium/Agrobacterium	0.632	0.033
genus	Rhodococcus	0.573	0.000
genus	Salmonella	0.088	0.000
genus	Serratia	0.352	0.000
genus	Shigella	0.081	0.000
genus	Sinorhizobium/Ensifer	0.330	0.009
genus	Sphingobium	0.484	0.003
genus	Staphylococcus	0.124	0.000
genus	Streptococcus	0.429	0.000
genus	Streptomyces	0.525	0.000
genus	Sulfitobacter	0.699	0.000
genus	Vibrio	0.722	0.015
genus	Xanthomonas	0.129	0.000
genus	Yersinia	0.097	0.000